In particular, regarding the aspect of "Housing Conditions," there is a positive trend observed in several indicators. For example, the share of household expenditures on housing maintenance services decreased from 12.1% in 2020 to 11.1% in 2023. Additionally, the proportion of housing lacking central sewage systems has also reduced — from 11.6% in 2020 to 9.5% in 2023.
At the same time, the average number of rooms per person remained unchanged at 0.8 rooms. In the aspect of "Education," the average performance of 15-year-old students, according to the PISA educational ranking, which includes mathematical, scientific, and reading literacy, improved from 402 in 2018 to 411 points in 2023.
It is emphasized that in the area of "Health," there has been an increase in life expectancy, rising from 71.37 years in 2020 to 75.09 years in 2023.
The Bureau clarified that the system of indicators for the Human Development Index includes a range of well-being indicators defined by the OECD to characterize the development process of countries. The OECD views the development process not only as a change in material or economic well-being but also as an expansion of human potential.